One of the most interesting buildings of our time is the television tower in Ostankino. One of its authors was the scientist N.V. Nikitin. Since ancient times, people have strived to build a structure that would amaze with its size and, above all, its height. Everyone knows the expression “Babylonian pandemonium.” It originated from the biblical legend of an attempt to build a tower to the sky in Babylon in order to reach God. The angry god “mixed” the languages of people, they stopped understanding each other, and construction stopped.
This is a myth that expresses the dream of humanity, but there were buildings that amazed contemporaries with their grandeur and beauty, known to us as the seven wonders of the world. One of them, the seventh, has survived to our times - these are the Egyptian pyramids. The tallest of them is the Pyramid of Cheops, built in the 28th century. BC e., reached a height of 147 m. Now its height has decreased by 10 m due to the advance of sands. The remaining six miracles have not survived.
The first miracle is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in Babylon. 14 identical rooms were built, on top of which there were terraces with earth where beautiful flowers and trees grew. The second miracle is the Temple of Artemis in the city of Ephesus. Artemision was set on fire by the vain Herostratus, who longed to become famous. His name became a household name. The temple was restored, but later collapsed not without the participation of the conquerors. The third miracle is the statue of Olympian Zeus. It was made of wood and covered with gold, ivory and precious stones. Burnt out during a fire. The fourth miracle - the tomb of King Mavsol (Mavsol), hence the word “mausoleum”, disappeared in the 15th century, having stood for 19 centuries. The fifth miracle is a statue of Helios, the sun god, patron of the city of Rhodes, 70 m high. It stood at the entrance to the harbor. The Colossus of Rhodes (as the statue is called) collapsed during an earthquake. The sixth miracle is the lighthouse on the island of Foros (Fados) in Alexandria, whose height was 180 m1.
Many centuries have passed since then, the creations of human hands have been destroyed, only the expression “seven wonders of the world” remains, which now means something amazing and extraordinary. But people never abandoned the idea of building higher and higher. And such structures were created. They are still being built today. This is not done for the sake of heights, but is dictated by the practical need to save land area.
In 1889, the now well-known Eiffel Tower was built in Paris, the height of which, together with the flagpole, is 312.8 m. It was named after its creator, Gustave Eiffel. In 1967, the construction of the tallest structure on the planet for that time was completed - the radio television tower in Ostankino2 (color plate II). This is truly an engineering marvel. Its design solution is unusual. It resembles a tree trunk or plant stem. And not just in appearance. The tower is a reinforced concrete pipe, along the periphery of which steel cables are stretched to keep it from swaying. The tower is not afraid of any winds. Many representatives of the plant world have this design.
For the layout, use a sheet of colored (gray or some other color) glossy paper. Cut a strip up to 120 mm wide from it, take it by the lower corner and, gradually twisting the material, make a workpiece so that you get a tube that expands downward. The upper hole should have a diameter of no more than 4 mm (insert an empty ballpoint pen into it), the lower hole should have a diameter of up to 25 mm. Absolute accuracy is not needed here, since it is not of fundamental importance. To obtain such a blank, it is advisable to first perform several trial operations. When the part is prepared, its end is glued (Fig. 14, a - d). It should be noted that the proportions and scale in this layout are not consistent; this is explained by the use of standard material and the capabilities of children of primary school age.
For the layout, a standard sheet was taken, the length of which does not exceed 300 mm, as well as a used ballpoint pen, which allows primary school children to easily make a layout.
If you need to make a more precise product, you can independently develop the design using the general construction principle and the main dimensions of the television tower. The diameter of the base is 60 m, the lower, expanding part has a height of 63 m, at this point the diameter of the tower is 18 m, the concrete shaft is 385 m, here is the base of the antenna, the diameter of which is 8 m, the observation deck is at an altitude of 337 m, the total height is 533 m. This material can be used for conversations with children.
When the trunk is prepared, the lower, cone-shaped part is made. For this part, take thick drawing paper, on which mark three semicircles (Ri-25 mm, R2-70 mm, R3-90 mm), then cut half of the circle and make a cutout in the center of it (Fig. 14, d ). The workpiece is pulled along the edge of the ruler so that it curls. Roll the cone, holding it with your hands, insert the turret barrel inside, adjusting the size of the hole along the barrel tube. The lower parts of the cone and the barrel must coincide, that is, the hole in the cone must be made so that the barrel fits tightly into it. Then make a mark with a pencil, remove the workpiece and glue the part (Fig. 14, e - g).
Marks are placed on the wide part of the cone dividing the circle into eight parts, they are 5 mm away from them on both sides and cuts are made along the line drawn earlier. You get eight supports on the cone, each of which is 10 mm at the base. Figure 14, h, and these operations are shown in the bottom view.
The turret barrel is then inserted into the cone hole. The layout design is quite stable and holds without glue. After this, an antenna is made. Take an empty ballpoint pen, wrap it in thin paper, glue a strip and insert the blank into the upper hole of the tower. The part can be fixed with glue. If the hole is narrow, the antenna is held in place without glue. Then they take the serpentine and make additional layout elements. At the junction of the end of the tower and the beginning of the antenna, three rings are screwed side by side, and one at a time on the barrel. Finally, finishing is done with a felt-tip pen (Fig. 14, j - l).
Page 7 of 7
One of the most interesting buildings of our time is the television tower in Ostankino. One of its authors was the scientist N.V. Nikitin. Since ancient times, people have strived to build a structure that would amaze with its size and, above all, its height. Everyone knows the expression “Babylonian pandemonium.” It originated from the biblical legend of an attempt to build a tower to the sky in Babylon in order to reach God. The angry god “mixed” the languages of people, they stopped understanding each other, and construction stopped.
This is a myth that expresses the dream of humanity, but there were buildings that amazed contemporaries with their grandeur and beauty, known to us as the seven wonders of the world. One of them, the seventh, has survived to our times - these are the Egyptian pyramids. The tallest of them is the Pyramid of Cheops, built in the 28th century. BC e., reached a height of 147 m. Now its height has decreased by 10 m due to the advance of sands. The remaining six miracles have not survived.
The first miracle is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in Babylon. 14 identical rooms were built, on top of which there were terraces with earth where beautiful flowers and trees grew. The second miracle is the Temple of Artemis in the city of Ephesus. Artemision was set on fire by the vain Herostratus, who longed to become famous. His name became a household name. The temple was restored, but later collapsed not without the participation of the conquerors. The third miracle is the statue of Olympian Zeus. It was made of wood and covered with gold, ivory and precious stones. Burnt out during a fire. The fourth miracle - the tomb of King Mausolus (Mavsol), hence the word "mausoleum", disappeared in the 15th century, having stood for 19 centuries. The fifth miracle is a statue of Helios, the sun god, patron of the city of Rhodes, 70 m high. It stood at the entrance to the harbor. The Colossus of Rhodes (as the statue is called) collapsed during an earthquake. The sixth miracle is the lighthouse on the island of Foros (Fados) in Alexandria, whose height was 180 m.
Many centuries have passed since then, the creations of human hands have been destroyed, only the expression “seven wonders of the world” remains, which now means something amazing and extraordinary. But people never abandoned the idea of building higher and higher. And such structures were created. They are still being built today. This is not done for the sake of heights, but is dictated by the practical need to save land area.
In 1889, the now well-known Eiffel Tower was built in Paris, the height of which, together with the flagpole, is 312.8 m. It was named after its creator, Gustave Eiffel. In 1967, construction was completed on the tallest structure on the planet at that time - the radio and television tower in Ostankino.
This is truly an engineering marvel. Its design solution is unusual. It resembles a tree trunk or plant stem. And not just in appearance. The tower is a reinforced concrete pipe, along the periphery of which steel cables are stretched to keep it from swaying. The tower is not afraid of any winds. Many representatives of the plant world have this design.
For the layout, use a sheet of colored (gray or some other color) glossy paper. Cut a strip up to 120 mm wide from it, take it by the lower corner and, gradually twisting the material, make the workpiece so that you get a tube, 
expanding downward. The upper hole should have a diameter of no more than 4 mm (insert an empty ballpoint pen into it), the lower hole should have a diameter of up to 25 mm. Absolute accuracy is not needed here, since it is not of fundamental importance. To obtain such a blank, it is advisable to first perform several trial operations. When the part is prepared, its end is glued (Fig. 14, a - d). It should be noted that the proportions and scale in this layout are not consistent; this is explained by the use of standard material and the capabilities of children of primary school age.
For the layout, a standard sheet was taken, the length of which does not exceed 300 mm, as well as a used ballpoint pen, which allows primary school children to easily make a layout.
If you need to make a more precise product, you can independently develop the design using the general construction principle and the main dimensions of the television tower. The diameter of the base is 60 m, the lower, expanding part has a height of 63 m, at this point the diameter of the tower is 18 m, the concrete shaft is 385 m, here is the base of the antenna, the diameter of which is 8 m, the observation deck is at an altitude of 337 m, the total height is 533 m. This material can be used for conversations with children.
When the trunk is prepared, the lower, cone-shaped part is made. For this part, take thick drawing paper, on which mark three semicircles (R 1 -25 mm, R 2 -70 mm, R 3 -90 mm), then cut out half the circle and make a cutout in the center of it (Fig. 14, d). The workpiece is pulled along the edge of the ruler so that it curls. They roll it up, hold the cone with their hands, and insert the turret barrel inside, adjusting the size of the hole according to the barrel tube. The lower parts of the cone and the barrel must coincide, that is, the hole in the cone must be made so that the barrel fits tightly into it. Then make a mark with a pencil, remove the workpiece and glue the part (Fig. 14, e - g).
Marks are placed on the wide part of the cone dividing the circle into eight parts, they are 5 mm away from them on both sides and cuts are made along the line drawn earlier. You get eight supports on the cone, each of which is 10 mm at the base. Figure 14, h, and these operations are shown in the bottom view.
The turret barrel is then inserted into the cone hole. The layout design is quite stable and holds without glue. After this, an antenna is made. Take an empty ballpoint pen, wrap it in thin paper, glue a strip and insert the blank into the upper hole of the tower. The part can be fixed with glue. If the hole is narrow, the antenna is held in place without glue. Then they take the serpentine and make additional layout elements. At the junction of the end of the tower and the beginning of the antenna, three rings are screwed side by side, and one at a time on the barrel. Finally, finishing is done with a felt-tip pen (Fig. 14, j - l).
One of the most famous and amazing wonders of the world of our time, which thousands of people from all countries and continents flock to see, is the elegant and slender Eiffel Tower. Images and souvenirs of her elegant forms can be purchased when traveling to Paris. However, if desired, everyone can create a small tower for themselves, armed only with a piece of paper. So, how to make an Eiffel Tower out of paper?
Possible options
It must be said that craftsmen have come up with many ways to create real works of art. An Eiffel Tower made of paper can be folded using the origami technique, as well as assembled and glued from a pre-prepared layout. In the latter case, you will need not only a sheet of colored or white paper, but also scissors and glue.
Preparing for work
How to make the Eiffel Tower out of paper? You need to take a square sheet, white or colored, as you like. It is desirable that its width and length be thirty-five centimeters. The sheet should be placed with the wrong side facing you and folded in half towards you. Now that the fold is ready, you can unbend the sheet and proceed to the main part.
How to fold a tower?
First, the top sheet is folded in half, then the same is done with all its parts. That is, each square resulting from the previous operation is, in turn, folded in half. This must be continued until the sheet produces thirty-two horizontal segments, completely identical and even. All resulting folds must be carefully ironed. Then the leaf unfolds so that the folded lines are vertical. How to make the Eiffel Tower out of paper next? Do the same with all the squares, this time folding the horizontal segments. The result is a lot of fairly small cells.
Folds and markings
The next stage is the creation of the “floors” of the tower. First, the topmost edge of the sheet is folded and cut off. It won't be useful. Then it is folded over and the side is cut in the same way. If everything is done correctly, the result will be a square with markings with a side of thirty-one centimeters. It should be folded twice diagonally, thus creating a central intersection of all folds. The sheet is placed face down on the table, and from the bottom edge a strip of seven and a half segments is folded towards itself. Exactly the same fold is made through three segments, and then everything is repeated on the top of the square and on all remaining sides.
The tower folds
How to make the Eiffel Tower out of paper when all the markings are ready? You need to find a central large square on the sheet that connects all the diagonal folds. On its basis, one of the main forms of origami is now formed - the so-called bomb.
That is, all sides need to be lifted and connected, getting a flat square at the top. The base is ready. The next stage is bending the figure with an accordion. This is precisely why separate segments were made. In this way, all the main corners of the tower are folded. They need to be wrapped inward to more clearly define the shape. The top remains vertical. The same is done for the middle level, which you need to remember to make a little wider than the spire.
Lowest level and shutdown
Having carefully ironed all the folds, you can proceed to the base of the figure. It is the widest. All the edges of the folds and the lower corners are bent upward to create four “legs” of the tower and graceful arches between them. That's it, the work is ready. You can leave the figure like this or paint it, paste it with flowers or sprinkle it with glitter.
Tower from the template
An Eiffel Tower made of paper, the template of which you can draw yourself or copy from a picture, can also be assembled using scissors and glue. You need to cut out four identical sides, leaving allowances for the glue, carefully glue everything together, and wait until the glue dries. That's all, the tower is ready.
